Electromagnetic theory is a special branch of physics that
deal with the basic principles of electromagnetism. The principles are
electrostatics, experimental basis, magnetic fields of steady currents,
motional and electromagnetic induction. This subject is being taught in an
elaborate way in the first year of engineering to provide the basic
understanding of electromagnetic mechanisms to the students.
In a nutshell, Electromagnetic Theory is an essential
division of Physics which involves the study and research of magnetic forces
which is actually physical interactivity that happens between electrically
charged particles. This is a graduate level subject that is explained and
elaborate with the help of precise mathematical formulas that focuses on
physical phenomena and principles.
This branch of Physics consists of a few significant
chapters that provide an elaborate idea about what electromagnetic theory is
its explanation uses and researchers. The chapters are followed by a simple
description here with its basic fundamental idea.
1.Vector analysis
Vector analysis is one of the divisions of mathematics. It
constitutes differentiation and integration of vector fields, mainly in
three-dimensional Euclidean space.
Vector analysis is utilized significantly in the fields of physics and
engineering, specifically in the studies of electromagnetic fields,
gravitational fields, and fluid flow.
2.Coulomb’s Law and Electric Field Intensity
In the subject of electromagnetic theories, the Coulomb's
law defines the extension and intensity of electric energy within two
individual charged vertices which is equivalent to the extent of the charges
and is inversely equipment to the space between the vertices.
3.Electric Flux Density
Electric flux density is actually a calculative value of the
power of an electric field which is produced by a free electric charge,
commensurable to the amount of electric lines of forces passing by a particular
region.
4.Gauss’s Law and Divergence
Gauss's theorem or
Ostrogradsky's theorem, it is a result that connects the flow (flux) of a
tensor field through a course of surface, to the action of the tensor field
within the surface. According to the divergence theory, an outward flux of a
tensor field while it passes through an enclosed surface area becomes equal to
the fundamental volume of the divergence over the section within the surface.
5.Energy and Potential
Potential energy can be defined as the extent of doing work,
which will eventually arise from position or configuration. Potential energy
can arise from any accumulations of charges if an electric force or any other
type of charge is exerted within the electrical compartment.
6.Conductors and Dielectrics
Conductors are substances which contains free charge
carriers, the examples of conducting metals are mercury, gold, copper,
aluminum, silver and a few more. The substances that do not have any electric
charge carriers are called Dielectrics. The dielectric's molecules/atoms are
neutral, and the examples are air, mica, rubber, wood, plastic etc.
7.Capacitance
Capacitance is explained as the ratio of the modification in
an electric charge inside a system to the interrelated change in its electric
potential.
8.Steady Magnetic Field
A steady magnetic field is produced by steady currents, it may be a permanent magnet, a direct
current or an electric field which changes accordingly.
9.Magnetic Forces
In the study of Electromagnetic theory, the processes of
attraction and abhorrence that emerge within electrically charged particles due
to motion is called Magnetic force. The action of an electric motor is an
example of the magnetic force. The magnetic force is a repercussion of the
electromagnetic force, one of the four fundamental forces of nature.
10.Materials and Inductance
Inductors are a collection of a coil of conducting material,
insulated copper wire wrapped on the core of either plastic (to create an
air-core inductor) or ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic) material; ferromagnet is
known as "iron core" inductor.
11.Time-Varying Fields and Maxwell’s Equations
Maxwell's equations envision that static electric fields (a
field that does not change with time) are assembled by charges. Charges are
origins and sinks of force field lines and Static electric field lines that
begin on positive and ends on the negative charges.
12.Uniform Plane Wave
The uniform plane wave is explained as the value of the
electric and magnetic fields. They are similar at every point in the direction
of propagation.
13.Plane Wave Reflection and Dispersion
Plane-wave reflection is 2-dimensional grids formed by
Ω-shaped conducting particles related by their arms, and dispersion
characteristics of an infinite set of such grids are studied.
14.Guided Waves
Guided wave testing (GWT) is a fortuitous transformation
method. This procedure employs acoustic waves that generate along an elongated
build-up while leading by its boundaries. This enables the waves to go through
a huge distance with extremely minimal loss in energy.
15.Electromagnetic Radiation and Antennas
Electromagnetic waves are similar kind of radiation as
light, ultra-violet, and infrared rays, the only difference here is the
wavelength and frequency. These waves are consists of electric and magnetic
integrants that are inextricable. Radio signals are also a type of
electromagnetic wave because radio signals travel in this way, they have a
prime stance on RF antennas and RF antenna design.
16.Transmission Lines
A transmission line, in electromagnetic theory, is a
specific cable or other formation made to conduct interchanging current of
radio frequency, which frequency is actually accurately high that their wave
nature is also noted.
